Theories of development and how they have ifluenced current practice Essay

Theories of development and how they have ifluenced current practice - Essay Example These theories include: Behavioral Theories Cognitive Theories Psychoanalytical Theories Humanist Theories Personality Theories Operant Conditioning Theories Below there is a little discussion on some of these theories and there’s impact on the current practices of psychology. Psychoanalytical Theory: This theory implies the efforts of psychoanalysts who work according to this theory, major researchers whose work is significant in this theory include Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan, and others include fanon and Althusser. At large these theories address cultures rather than individuals. These analysts usually observe the communities and analyze the factors and the cultural diversities which are affecting these communities. At times, the patient is not willing to share the information with the psychologist so in that case, further treatment can be restrained so psychologist should come to the level of transference with the patient which is a condition in which pa tient starts to take the service provider as one of his family member so the therapist should minimize the gap between resistance and the transference as it will help him to resolve the problem of the client. Sigmund Freud was the first renowned person in the field of psychoanalysis, most of his theories appeared unacceptable at the start of the19th century but now most of these theories are accepted worldwide in psychology. Before his time even, there were therapist who believed in unconscious mental activity but he was the pioneer who clearly explained the importance of unconscious mental activity. He was of the view that both abnormal as well as normal behavior was controlled by unconscious activity and the past events of the patient affect the present behavior of the client. At the beginning, his ideas faced criticism but he firmly believed in those ideas and now a days, his ideology forms the basis of psychoanalysis. Most of the psychoanalysts believe that psychoanalysis is the most significant parameter which can give an insight of the human mind and by having the knowledge of oneself; patients can relieve themselves from their illnesses and can built strong human relationships. Nowadays psychoanalysis is useful in following practices It is a technique which is used to train the professionals. It is a scientific method which is used as a tool for critical appreciation which can be useful in studying the individuals as well as their life’s scenarios. It is the main theory in the clinical psychology. It can be a part of therapeutic intervention for the management of neurosis. This theory laid the foundation of the thought that one should be open to accept new techniques and principles in the field of psychology. Cognitive Theory: Cognitive theory basically stands on the concept of perception, according to cognitive theory; human thoughts are the determinant of human emotions as well as behavior thus affecting the personality in the end. Most of the followers of this school of thought are of the view that if there are no thoughts then there would be neither any emotions nor any behavioral implications so thoughts can be considered as a building block of any emotional process. This theory acquired attention in the 80’s and 90’s and since then a lot of literature has been written on this principle emphasizing the need to modify

Manchester City Swot Analysis Marketing Essay

Manchester City Swot Analysis Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION The project is basically about the two football teams from different football clubs. The idea is to make a strategic comparison between the two teams. The names of the football teams that have been taken for comparison include the Manchester City Football club and Barcelona Football club. The team Manchester city is basically from the English premier league whereas the team Barcelona is from the Spanish Division (Barcelona Soccer Institute, 2012). Both the teams have a good reputation in the Football industry around the Globe. The aim of the project is to analyze the mission and vision statements of both these clubs and compare them to analyze the comparative effectiveness of the two. This will provide more information as to who is the better side of the two of them. On the other hand SWOT analysis of both teams will also be conducted and compared to see which team has the most strengths and opportunities available. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Manchester City Football club is basically an English premier league football club located and based in Manchester. It was founded in 1880 and was initially called West Gorton. Then in 1887 they became Ardwick Association Football club and then they became Manchester City in 1894. Thisclub has played at the City of Manchester stadium since the period of 2003, and have also played for Maine Road from 1923 as well (Wikipedia, Manchester City F.C., 2013). the most cherishing and successful period for the club was in the late 1960s and the early part of 1970s when they managed to win the league championship, League Cup, FA Cup and the European Cup Winners Cup under the management of Malcolm Allison and Joe Mercer. After being defeated in the FA cup final of 1981, the cup actually went into the phase of decline, totally culminating in relegation towards the third tier of English football in 1998. This was the only time in their history that they went so down. After having regained the sta tus of premier league, the club was eventually purchased by the Abu Dhabi United Group and the club became one of the wealthiest in the world. In the year 2011 the Manchester city club managed to qualify for the champions league and was able to win the FA cup. In the year 2012 the club managed to win the premier league, which is also referred to as their first league title in the past forty years. On the other hand Futsal Club Barcelona is there from the emergence of their football club in 1899. FC Barcelona, which is also known as merely Barcelona or Barca is actually based in Barcelona Catalonia in Spain (Wikipedia, History of FC Barcelona, 2011). The team was actually founded by a group of English, Spanish and Swiss footballers, and this group was actually led by Joan Gamper. The club has been known to play amateur football in the early years until 1910 in various competitions that were regional. It was also in 1910 that the club participated in the first of their European competitions, and since that time the club has been able to win 10 UEFA trophies and a sextuple. By the year 1928 Barcelona co-founded La liga which is the top tier in Spanish football, and they also found some small string of football clubs as well. Barcelona has never been relegated from La liga and share the same record as one of their competitors known as the real Madrid. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate governance is basically a system of rules, processes and practices by which the company is controlled and directed. The concept actually involves balancing the interests of the various stakeholders in the company. Looking at the structure of both the football clubs, both are very similar and follow a business format of a public limited company. Manchester city Football club has been having a good time with the management and all the stakeholders of the company are satisfied (Corporate Info, 2012). The main reason behind this is that the management of the football club aims to motivate the football players and fans for the company, on the other hand the players believe in continuous and quality. The main aim of this football club is to fulfill the expectations of their fans and people. On the other hand Barcelona is one of the most successful clubs of the world. The club believes in total quality and promotes many core values like healthy diet, tolerance, and sports for the disabled. On the other hand the club also speaks against racism (Pont, 2011). The management of the company and the players has been facing some problems; therefore Barcelona fails to balance the interests of various stakeholders of the company. SWOT ANALYSIS BARCELONA FOOTBALL CLUB STRENGTHS Barcelona has a strong local Brand name and the best club in Europe and Spain. The Camp Now stadium of Barcelona has a seating capacity in excess of 100000 Barcelona has the best players in the world that are playing for their Team. The brands known as the UNICEF, Qatar Foundation and Nike are associated Brands with the Barcelona Football Club. This means that the team has one of the best brand endorsements in the world. WEAKNESSES The team is known to have a lot of controversies in the football matches. It is basically from the lesser popular and famous clubs as compared to the clubs that are English OPPORTUNITY The club has the opportunity to increase their fan bases from the countries like china, USA and India. If the Barcelona football club is able to focus on more advertising and promotions then this will help the club a lot in building brand equity. THREATS The other clubs that are prevalent in Europe are buying out the good players out of Barcelona. This can be fatal for the club if they do not stop this from happening The club has reported a lot of internal problems between the players and management which can also pose a threat to the wellbeing of the club in the future. The club has been known to have a lot of financial debt because it has been involved in the player transfers of expensive players. This can cause liquidity problems to the club in the future. MANCHESTER CITY SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS The Manchester city football club has a local positioning within Manchester The club has a lot of openness and innovation in the department of culture. They allow players from all cultures to prove their worth and join the club. The club has some of the richest sponsors as compared to other clubs. WEAKNESSES The club has a weak presence in the city of Manchester because many other competitors are also popular over here. The name of this club is not very well established as compared to other clubs. Most of the players playing in this club are average players. OPPORTUNITIES The club should higher better players and make use of the rich sponsors that they have. This will improve of the performance of the club in the future. The club should get more brand endorsements to improve the brand image of the club. The club can higher some of the best coaches around the world given the fact that the club is rich. THREATS Manchester United Football club is better than Manchester City and is more popular in Manchester than any other football club. As the case with other clubs internal problems are prevalent in this club between the management and the Coach. The club should ensure that the problems do not get worse in the future. ICEBERG PRINCIPLES THEORY The iceberg is basically a model that not only considers the visible logical level of the subject, but also explains the invisible emotional level of the subject (GmbH). The logic level of the subject which includes the strategy, structure, functions and processes usually accounts for 10% of the overall human capacity whereas the cultural level amounts to 90% of the human capacity. Following is the sketch for a typical Iceberg Theory. The structure of the iceberg principle and its 5 process levels STRATEGIC LEVEL At the strategic level Manchester city FC aims for delivering the best quality football to its fans. They are basically concerned for high performance and value for the shareholders of the company. On the other hand the Barcelona football club claims to be one of the best in the world and they claim that they are not just a club; they are more than a club. STRUCTURAL LEVEL The management performance for Barcelona has been poor at the structural level because the company has incurred many losses because of expensive player contracts. On the other hand Manchester city has one of the richest management team. The management team rewards its players very well and their goal is quality performance for the fans. PROCESS LEVEL Manchester city claims that its core values include serving the fans of the football club by portraying excellent performance. Their main aim is to create continuous value for its fans and the shareholders of the company. On the other hand Barcelona aims to work about by following the core values including the treatment of sports as the focal point, supporting the strategic plans of the club and exploring the new areas of financing for the club. The club also aims at bringing the members closer to the club in terms of activity and communication. FUNCTIONAL LEVEL The performance level of the employees or the players of Manchester city has been very high in the present. This is because they have recently won the premier league for the first time in the past forty years. Therefore, the performance level of the players has been excellent. On the other hand Barcelona has been struggling recently because of some clashes between the management and players of the club. On the other hand there have been many player transfers from this team in the recent years which has affected the team chemistry to some extent. However the team has the potential to bounce back from such problems because it is one of the best clubs of the Spanish league. CULTURAL LEVEL At the cultural level Barcelona football club has been committed to promote the society as much as possible. They see children and young people as their main beneficiaries and are also known to promote values and education. The club has also organized many sporting activities for the civilians of the country. On the other hand Manchester city is known to play for the fans. They have highly praised the fans of the football club for their never ending support. On the other hand Manchester city has Donated 500000 pounds to the Royal Manchester Childrens hospital recently and has also been known to perform charity work for the people. Therefore both the clubs have a good relationship with the fans and the society at the cultural level CONCLUSION After all the analysis that has been conducted for both Manchester city and Barcelona, it is true to say that there are some considerable differences in the results. Considering the SWOT analysis of both the clubs, it is evident that Barcelona is no doubt a better side than Manchester City by all means. This is because they have the best players from around the world, and some excellent brand endorsements as compared to Manchester City who are usually ranked as an average side overall. However Barcelona has been facing a lot of internal problems such as the problems between players and management, the frequent transfer of expensive players, and their recent financial crises. Manchester city does not have any such problems and are a more stable side because they have one of the richest clubs in the world. On the other hand the Vision and mission statements of both the football leagues are good. The mission statement of Manchester city is more thorough than that of Barcelona. The corporate governance of Manchester city is better than that of Barcelona, and the Iceberg principle also looks more favorable for Manchester City overall. Therefore Manchester City is surprisingly a more stable side as compared to Barcelona despite the fact that Barcelona has a better football club.

Animal Testing in the United States Essay -- Science Product Expiramen

Millions of animals die each year in the United States due to animal testing. Animals are used in laboratories to test chemicals in products and also used in research for the study of diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Unfortunately, these animals suffer tremendously while being experimented on and afterwards they are commonly put to death. The government has established legislation which gives certain guidelines for animal in laboratories, but it does not apply to every animal. The government even requires certain animal experimentation on specific products such as pesticides. There is also much dispute on whether or not animal testing is actually reliable in research for human products and diseases. The issue of animal testing becomes an issue of ethics; do humans have the right to harm other species for their own benefits? This would be a much easier question to answer if people actually knew how relevant and useful animal experimentation and research was for humans. As of r ight now, humans are harming animals in experimentation without even knowing how valuable the results will be in benefiting human research. Animal testing is a cruelty to animals and it should be made illegal in the United States. The Draize test and the LD-50 tests are the most common types of product testing. The Draize test is done to measure the harmfulness of a chemical by observing its effect on the eyes and skin of animals. This test is mainly used to test chemicals in cosmetics. It is administered by applying 0.5mL or 0.5g of the test substance to the eye or skin of animal (most commonly rabbits) for four hours. The animal is then observed for fourteen days. There are two types of Draize tests: Skin irritancy test: experi... ... 8 March 2006. "Draize Test." Wikipedia. 22 February 2006. 7 March 2006. "History: Animal Welfare Act." 2005. American Anti-Vivisection Society. 8 March 2006. "http://www.aavs.org/welfare01.html> "Iams... The Suffering Behind the Scenes." 2006. 8 March 2006. "Public Health Service Policy of Human Care and Use of Laboratory Animals." 1 January 2006. National Institute of Health. 6 March 2006. Stephens, Martin and Rowan, David. "An overview of Animal Testing." 2006. The Humane Society of the United States. 8 March 2006. Stevens, Karen L. "Animal Testing Alternatives." All for Animals. 2006. All for Animals. 24 Apr. 2006 .

The Existence of Happiness

The Existence of Happiness Happiness, the intangible emotion that we all desire. Is there proof that this emotion even exists? Eduardo Porter has written an essay titled â€Å"What Happiness Is†. In this essay Mr. Porter took the time to study the emotion of happiness that we all experience in life. He makes an attempt to question not only his reasons as to why he is happy, but to have the reader question their own sense of happiness as well. What is it that makes us feel joyful emotions, and how can vastly different experiences cause us to feel the same emotion that we call happiness?While searching for the proof of this feeling Eduardo Porter reflects upon his own personal experiences, professional studies and ultimately decides that his questions may never be answered. Porter states that, â€Å"most psychologists and economists who study happiness agree that what they prefer to call â€Å"subjective well-being† comprises three parts: satisfaction, meant to capture h ow people judge their lives measured up against their aspirations; positive feelings like joy; and the absence of negative feelings like anger. † This is an important analysis of how we form the idea of how joyful we actually are.Something in life that one person might be ashamed of could improve the level of cheerfulness for another person. For example, the thought of getting a tattoo might cause one individual to feel guilt while another individual might feel pleasure at the same thought. Because there is no definitive formula that provides a calculated experience of happiness for everyone, it is interesting to question what actions or lack thereof in our lives cause us to be cheerful or to lose some of the happiness that we have already gained.The organization of this essay was well thought out and effective. The author opens with the statement, â€Å"Happiness is a slippery concept, a bundle of meaning with no precise, stable definition. † This opening statement pro vokes the reader to question their own beliefs in what brings them joy and provides further interest in the topic due to the lack of confidence Porter portrays in finding answers. He then proceeds to share a few studies about happiness and his own idea of what makes him feel these emotions.He incorporates theories from well-known and educated thinkers about what makes humans happy. Sigmund Freud argued that humans, â€Å"strive after happiness; they want to become happy and to remain so. † Gandhi proposed that, â€Å"happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. † These analyses provide the reader with a starting point for questioning and answering those questions based on a professional thought process and breakdown of happiness. With these theories in mind the reader can look at their own life to help decide what actually makes them happy.Based on his professional study of this subject Porter also interjects his own reasoning for exp eriencing glee in life. Eduardo states that â€Å"Happiness relates directly to objective measures of people’s quality of life. † Porter believed that the more joy someone experienced in their life the better their life would be. Porter simplifies his writing so that the reader is able to assess their level of happiness from a loosely defined point of view, so that the average person has a means of tackling a difficult question.This is an important concept. The way Porter addresses happiness allows the reader to feel like they have the ability to ask the same questions about their own life and in doing so gain their own perspective into what it means for them to be happy. Throughout this essay Porter’s tone is of a pondering mindset regarding happiness, backed by personal experiences as well as professional study. This demonstrates that his interest level in what makes people feel positive emotion was strong enough to spend time to search for these answers.This had a positive influence on his readers; a large majority of individuals can relate to this topic and explore it for themselves. Most people strive for more happiness in their life, but fail to question what is actually making them or not making them happy in the first place. The essay makes you question if you have attempted to search for these answers in your own life. And if you are not happy – then why have you not questioned and searched for these answers?If you have asked these questions, why are you still feeling the same emotions that you wish to change, what changes have you not made? Porter also uses multiple economic reasons as a means of translating how much or how little happiness individuals can achieve. Along with many economists, Porter believes that in our modern time our search for more happiness co-exists with our desire and search for more money. We believe achieving a greater status in society, and receiving more money along with that level of status will make us truly happy.Our attempt in reaching these goals can have a negative effect, because the majority of people do not actually know what it is they want from life when this status is reached. Therefore, we as individuals may never achieve the level of joy we are searching for. After reading this essay you question what it is that you actually want out of life. If you do know, are you taking the right steps to achieve your goals? After reading Eduardo Porter’s take on why and what makes humans happy, many questions are left unanswered.Porter achieved his goal of interjecting multiple professional studies of what happiness is, as well as introducing his beliefs about this emotion as it relates to his life. This in turn makes his readers question their own emotional situations. What makes them happy? Most individuals would agree that the topic of this essay is, and has been, a pertinent question for as far back as we can remember. Porter knew that everyone at one point in t ime felt some form of happiness, and the actions that cause people to feel happy are completely different from one person to the next.Porter’s search for the definition and reason behind happiness are still unanswered questions, and most likely will remain this way, because it’s impossible to be universally define happiness. It’s also impossible to give just one reason as to why someone is happy or not. Joy is intangible; it is not measurable by a bank account or a status in society. Still we strive to feel it and achieve more of it, but we will never have a universal definition as to what this emotion actually is. We can only hope to increase its experience in our own lives.

Introduction to Personal Development in Health Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilites of own role My role is to ensure I treat all my clients as individuals, ensuring they always feel safe and at ease when I am around and doing my care, I make sure I read the care plan every day for each client to see if anything has changed since I have last been in there. I am responsible in making sure all my clients are looked after to a brilliant standard ensuring they are always happy with the care I provide for them, keeping them clean by doing personal care and assisting with needs if they need help such as, getting dressed, brushing teeth and combing hair treating the individual with respect and keeping their dignity at all times, ensuring they are eating and drinking properly and getting enough nutrition in their diet. If needed I will help individuals to administrate medication, prompting them if they do it theirselves so they don’t forget too. Keeping the surroundings clean and safe, making sure I tidy up after my self and my client so they are always in a hygenic surrounding desposing of things in the correct way, always wearing my protective clothing incase of cross contimation and encouraging them when I can ensuring they remain independant and empowered. It is my duty to report anything necessary to my manager, if my client is unhappy, if I feel my client is changing or becoming ill I make sure I inform my manager. Lastly I need to make sure I am up to date with all courses and training to make sure my clients are safe at all times and I am not using poor practice in my work place. 1.2 What standards influence your role as a carer and the way you carry out your duties There are many that influence my role such as: Care Standards Act 2000 Health & Safety At Work Act Manual Handling Operations Legislation Codes of Practice National Occupational Standards The Food Standards Act Whistle Blowing Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 1.3 Describe ways you ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not  obstruct the quality of your work Firstly remember everyone is an individual and nobody is exactly the same as you, you may have an individual that has beliefs you do not believe in but you should keep this to yourself as its not fair on them to feel as though what they believe in is questioned or wrong and don’t let your own personal feelings get in the way of doing the job correctly and work in a way that supports their needs and beliefs. Try to understand the individual a little more, learning about their history and their beliefs letting them explain it to you this will help you to know alot more about them and make it easier to know their likes and dislikes because of the belief don’t judge the individual for believing in what they do only empathise with them and show you understand and that you respect them and their beliefs. 2.1 Explain why reflecting on practice is an important way to deve lop knowledge, skills and practice It’s important because you will develop more on the things you already know and learn and develop on the things you don’t know you will learn not to make mistakes you may have made in the past and you will learn where improvement is needed which will make you more effecient at the job role you do and alot more confident to do so in knowing how and when to use the skills you have picked up on and put them into practice. 3.1 What sources of support are available to you for your own learning and development? I can find sources of support inside the workplace and outside of the work place, inside the work place I have I have regular supervisions, this is followed by an observation of me in the work place, in the supervision meeting the senior member of staff will tell me how they think I am doing, telling me what I am doing right and also telling me how I could improve in my workplace and things I could work on to better how I am at work. There are also regular meetings so we can do new courses that have come in or renew courses we have already done so our knowledge is always up to date. Outside the work place I could go to the library to widen my learning ability in the workplace or I could do research on the internet. 3.2 Describe the process for agreeing a personal development plan You discuss with a senior member of staff who has watched you and you discuss your improvments that need to be made and proposals on how to meet those objectives and the activites that follows such as reviews and assesments which you both agree on.

Neil killed himself......... essays

Neil killed himself......... essays When Mr. Keating stood upon his desk he said a quote that everyone took in except Neil. He said I stand up here to remind myself that we must constantly look at things in a different way. Neil never understood that his father only wanted what was best for him. Instead he saw a monster that didnt care about how he felt. He did think about this though to himself, others and Mr. Keating. However he was never able to express himself to his father. Really the only time where did stand up for himself was while he was doing the play and asking for forgiveness. He had many opportunities to sort out there problems but he never took them. This was shown in the movie when Mr. Perry tells Neil to drop some extra-curricular activities. Neil could have said Well I want to do this but instead said Well you know me Im always doing too much. This is where Neil went wrong. He at things in a different way but Neil never did. This is one reason why Mr. Keating is not responsible for Neils death. At the opening of each dead poet society meeting a quote was said. I went to the woods because I wanted to live deliberately, I wanted to live deep and suck all the marrow out of life. All the boys took this to heart and beyond. They seize every moment when it came. Mr. Keating showed the boys that in life you have boundaries, seize every moment but dont go too far. He showed what was right and encouraged them to do the same. Mr. Keating told Neil to talk to his father after his father said he was to quit the play. Words and ideas can change the world but Neil second-guessed his father words by saying that his father would never understand. Mr. Keating even went as far as saying to Neil that soon he would be out of school and that he could do whatever he wanted to do but Neil never took this advice. Words and ideas can change the world. This line in the movie o ...

Purpose Of The Structure Of The Services Social Work Essay Example

Purpose Of The Structure Of The Services Social Work Essay Example Purpose Of The Structure Of The Services Social Work Essay Purpose Of The Structure Of The Services Social Work Essay In this assignment, I will explicate the intent of the construction of Social Services and explicate the consequence of the direction construction on these services. I will besides look at the different services available from the chief sectors explain the operation of one Social Work puting every bit good as analyse the Impact of Social Work on a peculiar client or group. I will explicate the intent of the construction of Social Services At the start of the 20th century in the United Kingdom, money, encouragement and advice were given to households in demand through the Charity Organisation Society. Magistrates called upon the aid of police tribunal missionaries to assist wrongdoers in problem and voluntary administrations made it their concern to assist orphans, pregnant misss and impoverished adult females. The beginnings of societal work go back to the 19th century. The services that were provided merely concerned the hapless and workhouses were the lone proviso of public assistance ran by the authorities for the destitute under the Poor Law Act 1834. Aid was besides given in the signifier of affluent ladies sing the hapless to offer services that were given in a really condescending and patronizing manner. Another of import development came approximately in the 20th century when infirmaries started using medical social workers ( Social Workers ) , whose initial function was to measure whether patients needed or deserved free intervention. The extent of their functions was shortly widened and the Institute of Almoners was set up in 1920 which provided preparation classs. At the start of the public assistance province, local governments started supplying public assistance services for some groups of people. The National Health Service Act 1946 made local governments responsible for supplying Maternity and Baby Welfare, supplying after attention for the mentally sick every bit good as place services for the aged and some other groups of people. The Children s Department was set up in 1948 to supply services to kids deprived from a normal place life. The National Assistance Act 1948 required that local governments to supply adjustment and other services to aged and disabled people every bit good as stateless households. These divided services and duties were non organised in a logical manner and it frequently caused confusion over duty of run intoing the demands of those involved. The authorities so set up the Seebohm Committee to look into the societal services provided by local governments. The commission so published a study in 1968 urging that a incorporate and household orientated service be established. In the study, it was in support of a new local authorization section, supplying a community based and household orientated service, which will be available to all. This new section will, we believe, will make far beyond the find and deliverance of societal causalities ; it will enable the greatest figure of persons to move in return giving and having service for the wellbeing of the whole community. Following the study of 1968, the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 came into topographic point and it incorporated the proposals of the Seebohm Committee. Under the act of 1970, it required local governments to name a Director of Social Services and put up Social Services Committees. Under the new Social Services sections, they would be responsible for all subdivisions of public assistance proviso in the community. This was the beginning of generic societal work, whereby societal workers dealt with a wider scope of people and jobs, alternatively of specializing in a peculiar country such as mentally sick and disadvantaged kids. The Central Council of Education and Training in Social Work ( CCETSW ) so became responsible for the proviso of preparation for the new generic Social Workers in 1971. explicate the consequence of the direction construction on these services and the Different Services Available from the Main Sectors The overall control of societal attention is provided under local governments, through a societal attention / wellness and societal attention budget. Information from Cerebra ( online ) states that ; at the top of the administration, there is an Area Director of Social Services and under this are Area Managers. One of these directors will hold duty for additional demands , with a squad for kids. Increasingly, all kids s services are being brought together. Under this strategy, there is a Chief Executive ( Director of Children s Services ) , which includes societal attention services, instruction, youth piquing, services for passage to maturity ( e.g. the Connexions service ) , and Sure Start services for immature kids, each subdivision holding its ain manager / director. In some countries, there are Keyworkers to ease entree to the different services for households with handicapped kids. A Keyworker is normally one of the professionals who is involved with the household anyhow, who may be working in any of the services including Health. They should assist to cut down the work that parents frequently have to make to turn up services, make communications drum sander, and do the system work better for the kid. Social Services besides provide grownup services, and carry out carers appraisals for parents and others involved with the attention of a child in demand ( because of disablement or some other ground ) . This can be done at the same clip as a community attention appraisal for the kid and siblings, taking to entree to services such as respite interruptions / carers / assistants and reding ( or Direct Payments for these ) . In add-on they run local Child Protection Registers for kids whose exposure may take to a demand for alternate attention. This besides involves appraisals and meetings. The organizational construction within the societal services hierarchyA authorization construction has changed over the past few old ages to enable newA functions which had been made compulsory by a new statute law. Due to thisA alteration, many sections have had to alter their staffingA construction in order to accommodate the new maps. It now means that thereA is more accent on for the societal services geting the attention, A instead to the suppliers of the attention. This new alteration will meanA that the societal services can now measure the demand for attention. To achieveA this, the societal services divide into different groups to supply forA specific groups, such as aged, kids and households etc. This has now meant that a clear division between the suppliers and purchases ofA attention has been created, and because of this societal services have beenA able to go more efficient by the splitting into the assorted groupsA to supply for them. Sourced from Mastering Social Welfare ( Pat Young ) , Social workers covers a diverse country of work that largely concentrates on jobs with the aged, handicapped, mentally sick, low income, juvenile tribunals and household relationships ; peculiarly with kids. With the different client groups there are statutory duties of the societal services administrations concerned. For illustration, they are obligated to step in when kids are concerned, as they may be in problem with the constabulary or for kids whose parents are thought to be unable to supply unequal attention. In these cases, societal services would supply residential adjustment, organise surrogate parents and supply supervising in the place for kids populating with their parents. The construction of service proviso varies with authorities construction. One being a Comprehensive field coverage, A This is the degree of policy-making and planning, making a model of services to run into a scope of demands. This degree is sometimes losing where coverage is done through programmes and ad hoc services instead than by authorities. Another being a Comprehensive service proviso which is the administration and way of a service or programme, like a lodging section or societal services section. A 3rd being Systematic service provisionA , where it is responsible for executing peculiar maps within a service, such as in schools, residential attention places or the units within a infirmary. A 4th proviso trades with jobs as state of affairs, A which is by and large the degree at which professionals such as Doctors, societal workers, wellness visitants, country lodging directors and constabularies officers work. Covering with jobs as demands.A This is a reactive attack, where service is provided in response to a specific demand ; the response made is prescribed for the individual who makes it. Receptionists or societal security clerical officers are illustrations. [ 4 ] Explain The Functioning of One Social Work Puting Analyse the Impact of Social Work on a Particular Client or Group Baer, B. and Frederico, R. ( 2008 ) . DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK ( online ) . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wright.edu/cola/Dept/social_work/sw_definition.htm gt ; ( accessed 27 December 2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cerebra.org.uk/parent_support/information_and_advice/cp_information/who_does_what/structure_of_statutory_services/social_care_structure

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes]

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes] As businesses become more international, so must our writing. Most of the time, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there are some confusing verbs that global business writers should try to avoid. These are called phrasal verbs. First, let’s take a look at the different types of verbs. There are two main types of verbs: Action verbs, such as run, jump, talk, negotiate, etc. Stative verbs, such as be, have, like, love, etc. (We don’t really â€Å"do† these verbs. They are more descriptive verbs than doing verbs.) As I’m sure you can guess, there are far more action verbs that stative verbs, and there are a lot that are particular to business. You can find a great list of business related action verbs here from Pepperdine University: Now that we have reviewed some background information on verbs, what exactly is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is phrase made up of a verb and a preposition that means something other than what the two words mean independently. If we made this into a formula, it would look like this: verb + preposition = new meaning Phrasal verbs are common in English, but they are difficult for global audiences. They are often concidered idioms. You cannot deduce the meaning based on the two words alone, they can be difficult to find in a dictionary, and they are different from one English speaking country to another. (Ever notice that the British call to-go food â€Å"take away† while in the U.S. it’s called â€Å"take out?†) Let’s take a look at a couple of examples, and the synonymous one-word verbs you could use instead: The markets are blowing up right now. In this example, no one is literally blowing air up into the sky, so this could be hard to decode. Instead, say: The markets are exploding right now. The use of the synonymous one-word verb exploding makes the sentence accessible for all readers, not just those who speak a particular variety of English. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); Here’s another example: We need to look into that option. In this example, we are not literally looking into a box or the refrigerator, so this also could be hard to understand. Instead, we should say: We need to research that option. In both examples, there is a one-word verb that means the same thing as the phrasal verb. When writing for a global audience, it is always better to use the synonymous one word verb because it is easier to understand and far easier to look up if your reader doesn’t understand it. If you enjoyed this article, you may also enjoy our full list of business writing tips. For readers looking to improve their English business writing skills we offer a full business writingcourse for non-native speakers.

Comprehensive Protection Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Comprehensive Protection Plan - Essay Example Here is an attempt to create an Emergency plan to protect the client during a terrorist attack. Thesis statement: How to create an Emergency plan which includes Safety and security measures, to protect the client during a terrorist attack. The threat from terrorism is intruding into the sphere of personal life; the importance of appropriate planning to protect the client during a terrorist attack acquires more significance and scope. In the U.S., several agencies which provide personalized protection to their clients. From the perspective of a personal protection agent, communication with the client, his/ her personal security and transportation facilities is crucial to protect the same. First of all, communication with the client is essential. As the terrorist organizations had acquired organizational skills and sophisticated forms of arms and ammunition, the duty of the personal protection agent is becoming more crucial and critical. During a terrorist attack/insurgency, sharing techniques and security measures related to inter-personal and intra-personal communication is essential. But, during an attack, there is less chance to share all the information related to personal security. So, one must keep all available sources of communication at one’s reach because a terrorist attack can happen at any place, any time. Besides, training sessions and mock- drills can equip a client (from the perspective of a personal security agent) to keep oneself away from an unforeseen terrorist attack. David S. Katz and Ilan Caspi in the work-‘Executive’s Guide to Personal Security’ makes clear that: â€Å"Employees of the U.S. federal government and their dependents have an advantage; they receive at least some training regarding personal security matters.†(Katz & Caspi, 2003, p.xiv). So, the training provided by the federal government/ personal security agencies help one to have clear cut idea about different security

Argument rehearsal for multiple realizability of mental states (contra Essay

Argument rehearsal for multiple realizability of mental states (contra the identity theory) - Essay Example This follows from property identity: if X = Y, you can’t have X without Y, or Y without X. For example, you can never ask for six bottles under the condition that you will not be given half a dozen bottles. This is because six is just the same as half a dozen. This is true of the identity of mental and physical states. For example, if the physical realization of pain is C-fiber firing, then it cannot be anything else but C-fiber firing. This is property identity theory. But the multiple realizibility of mental states opposes this claim. If pain is related to both C-fiber firing and D-fiber firing, you can have pain without C-fiber firing (given that you have D-fiber firing), and you can have pain without D-fiber firing (given that you have C-fiber firing). What this also implies is pain is not identical to either one – you cannot have six bottles without having half a dozen. Therefore, I ask myself the following question, is there valid reason to think that mental state s are in fact multiply realizable? I believe so. Alien beings are often conceived as having similar mental attributes to humans, albeit physically different. Intelligent beings develop the capacity to select advantageous mental states to sustain life force. For example, if I am unable to feel pain (which is a mental state), it won’t be possible for me to recognise any physical experience which is life threatening. Resultantly, I would cease to exist, thus failing to reproduce and pass on my legacy. Likewise, my cognitive capacities such as intuition and decision making abilities enhance my awareness about surroundings and help me do the right things at the right time. Without these traits, I wouldn’t have been able to sense danger and would expose myself to potentially harmful situations, which, again, would make me susceptible to extinction. Therefore, one can rationalise that an intelligent alien creature living somewhere in the universe would have

Chapters question for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Essay - 6

Chapters question for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Behavioral Theory in Public Health book Mark Edberg - Essay Example An example of a strategy that can keep an intervention going consists of a number of measures. The first measure is to ensure that those who are involved in the intervention are trained to properly implement the intervention. This is followed by incorporation of community-based stakeholders who will support the program, followed by search for necessary resources for the intervention. It is also necessary to develop a link with similar intervention programs. This strategy ensures availability of resources and technical knowledge that keep an intervention going (Edberg, p. 100). Trying to implement a school based intervention policy faces a number of political issues that needs decision making and influencing others to accept the decision. The approval of the school board is one of the political issues that affect intervention as no policy can be implemented without the board’s consent. Successful implementation of an intervention also requires support from the school. This can only be achieved by political means. Similarly, choosing from many policies is another issue because resources are limited and not all policies can be implemented at the same time. Another political issue is acceptance of the policy by external stakeholders such as the community (Edberg, p. 105). The connection between schools and their communities that might affect selection of programs is the existence of the community as the schools’ environment and as a stakeholder to the schools. Because the schools are within the community, their policies are affected by behavior among students and their parents or guardians who come from the community. Another connection is the community’s interest in its children’s affairs in schools and the community’s future generations (Edberg, p. 104, 105). The major connection between workplace and the community is their ability to affect each other through employees. Workplace

Management of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management of international business - Essay Example Nevertheless, its home country government encourages expansion and the host country business environment is conducive to FDI. The repost that suggests the CHL should enter Belgium through acquisition of majority stake in an existing mobile network operator’s business. Based on the Uppsala Model, once it has gained knowledge and expertise on the local market, CHL can expand its network and make further investments. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Belgium 1 3. The European Union 4 4. China Mobile Limited 6 5. Telecom Sector Analysis 9 6. Mode of Entry Analysis 11 7. Conclusion 15 References 16 1. Introduction China Mobile Limited, world’s largest mobile operator, intends expanding overseas into the European markets. It intends to enter the Belgian market which is under the European Union. This report evaluates the telecom sector in Belgium apart from the business environment in Belgium and then suggests the mode of entry. 2. Belgium Belgium has always been a prospe rous market place and is located at the crossroads of Latin, Germanic and Anglo-Saxon influences (Belgian Federal Government, 2011). This is a small country but it has highly competitive industry and service sector, and is well integrated into the globalized world. According to the KOF index Belgium is the most globalized county in the world. The nation also occupies the sixth position on the list of the countries that attract foreign investments, as per the Ernst & Young European Investment Monitor, 2011. 2.1 Political Environment The Belgium state has evolved from a highly centralized structure to a federal system in which many regions have been granted autonomy for many policy areas (Rynck, 2005). Each region is responsible for its own economic development, housing, environment and transport. In Belgium there is no hierarchy between regional and national laws. Political risk in Belgium is very low in Belgium, according to AMB Country Risk Report (2012). 2.2 Economic Environment T he country was affected severely by the recent global recession. Countries that have so far been investing in Belgium are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the Netherlands (Belgian Federal Government, 2011). Investments are mostly in sales and marketing sectors followed by industries and the logistics sectors. The business environment in Belgium is conducive to investments as there is no distinction between foreign and domestic companies. There are no restrictions either on foreign investments or income repatriation. In addition, foreign companies, subsidiaries or branches have the same privileges, and enjoy the same incentives as domestic companies while they also have the same legal obligations (UHY, 2011). Because of the locational advantages Belgium has become a highly developed transit and distribution centre for several other countries in the European market. The banking system is under the control of the Belgian National Bank, which is responsible for all monetary and financial operations in the country. Venture capital is also available to young and dynamic entrepreneurs (UHY, 2011). Belgium has a well-developed economy and all the economic sectors are well represented. However, it imports almost all raw materials but exports from the country are primarily comprised of machinery and transport equipment, food products, chemicals and metals. The two main regions in Belgium are Flemish and Walloons but the unemployment pattern in

Literautre search and literature review on handwashing

Literautre search and on handwashing - Literature review Example Only those studies conducted among subjects in United Kingdom in the last five years were selected. Several aspects of hand washing including health implications, promotion programs, practices and beliefs are discussed by each the researches. It is of utmost importance to establish first the need of hand washing. Basically it serves the purpose of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. While there are several infectious diseases that cannot be prevented by mere hand washing, the simpler ones are actually of more significance because of its prevalence in the society. As such, focus has been given to diarrhea, being one of the leading causes of child death (Boschi-Pinto 2008) and viral respiratory infections. Moreover, bacteria causing these diseases are usually transferred between surfaces (Curtis et al. 2011, p.312), through hand contamination, for example. The researches conducted, are therefore rooted on the premise that since hand washing can prevent the transfer of disease-causing bacteria between surfaces, the different aspects of this practice should be explored in depth. The study of Curtis et al. (2011, p.312) emphasized that through the practice of proper hygiene, reducing the global burden of infectious disease need not to be costly. But despite this, it is quite unfortunate, that the importance of this practice has been overlooked in the area of public health. Yet through the information obtained by the authors, they were able to find hope that the present situation in terms of hygiene would gradually improve. In the beginning of the paper, Curtis et al. (2011, p. 312) established the evidence that there is indeed a risk that has to be controlled by identifying the means by which public health practitioners estimate the threats. These are the same steps being followed by the World Health Organization. The

Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucioism Research Paper

Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucioism - Research Paper Example This was around the 6th and 4th centuries, but the religion has many branches as teachings. The religion has various books about each of the practices, which are observed by different followers depending on the station within the faith. Buddha was born in Nepal and an astrologer foretold that he would become a great king or a holly man. His father wanted him to be a king but at the age of 29, he went out of the palace and saw the suffering that people went through especially the sick, common people and also he met one holly man who was at peace with the world. This experience made him to abandon the royal life and to take up a spiritual life (Jinpa, 7). He went to learn from the religious leaders of his tome and he mastered how meditate but and when he discovered that it could not cure suffering permanently he continued searching and engaged in pronged fasting, breath-holding and exposure to pain. He almost starved himself to fatality inn the process, but he decided to settle for med itation to avoid the extremes. At the time, he ended his suffering and received rebirth he claimed to have received enlightened. He then attracted followers at the age of 35 years, he spent the rest of his life teaching the enlightenment, and He died at the 80 in India Means action called Karma and work and is the force that drives the cycle of suffering and rebirth of every being. It holds that there exist good work and bad works in society. Each action good or bad produces sees in the minds, which also bear fruits in this life or the next life after rebirth. It appeals to people to have ethical works in the body speech and mind. All intentions come from which later bear fruits from that mind. The forgives for ones conduct is not allowed in some teaching of Rebirth holds that all being go through a series of stages in different lifetimes starting from life to dearth. That one does not have a permanent self. Since rebirth is, a continuous process determines by the actions of an indi vidual. Every rebirth takes place within hell, ghosts, human beings, low deities, and gods. However, any Buddhist practitioners can obtain rebirth into higher levels. It teaches individuals to have good morals and perform good works so that they may be reborn into a good state in the next stage in life. It holds that all beings crave pleasure while at the same time avoiding pain from birth to death. The Buddhist helps in eliminating the pain and conditions that may lead to rebirth into pain. The causes of suffering and their solutions in life itself lead to pain and suffering in one way or another. It teaches that to avoid suffering is usually caused by craving for what does not exist; one should stops the illusions or attained the enlightenment The Noble truth that prevents suffering and attains wisdom, which purifies the mind and living in the reality. Morality and ethics is possible by abstaining from bad deeds, by avoiding harming others. Mental discipline achieved through medit ation, which helps one to master the mind and making effort to improve. It shapes on to live better life by being occupies with good deed that leads to a better rebirth. The religion assists individuals on how to avoid pain and how to leave better, not only in this life but also

Literautre search and literature review on handwashing

Literautre search and on handwashing - Literature review Example Only those studies conducted among subjects in United Kingdom in the last five years were selected. Several aspects of hand washing including health implications, promotion programs, practices and beliefs are discussed by each the researches. It is of utmost importance to establish first the need of hand washing. Basically it serves the purpose of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. While there are several infectious diseases that cannot be prevented by mere hand washing, the simpler ones are actually of more significance because of its prevalence in the society. As such, focus has been given to diarrhea, being one of the leading causes of child death (Boschi-Pinto 2008) and viral respiratory infections. Moreover, bacteria causing these diseases are usually transferred between surfaces (Curtis et al. 2011, p.312), through hand contamination, for example. The researches conducted, are therefore rooted on the premise that since hand washing can prevent the transfer of disease-causing bacteria between surfaces, the different aspects of this practice should be explored in depth. The study of Curtis et al. (2011, p.312) emphasized that through the practice of proper hygiene, reducing the global burden of infectious disease need not to be costly. But despite this, it is quite unfortunate, that the importance of this practice has been overlooked in the area of public health. Yet through the information obtained by the authors, they were able to find hope that the present situation in terms of hygiene would gradually improve. In the beginning of the paper, Curtis et al. (2011, p. 312) established the evidence that there is indeed a risk that has to be controlled by identifying the means by which public health practitioners estimate the threats. These are the same steps being followed by the World Health Organization. The

Valuation methods and approaches tehcniques of tesco plc Essay

Valuation methods and approaches tehcniques of tesco plc - Essay Example Tesco plc is a super market firm in the London Stock Exchange, and it is very essential to evaluate the financial approaches and techniques of the entity. Capital budgeting of an entity means planning for capital assets. The decision about capital budgeting helps to determine whether or not the money should be invested in long term projects. As far as the Research and Development projects of Tesco plc is taken in to consideration, for the purpose of taking the better decision, the fundamental project evaluation techniques like Pay back period, ARR (Accounting or Average Rate of Return), NPV (Net Present Value), or IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is applicable. From this fact it is clear that under the present value method, the present value of all cash in flows is compared against the present value of all cash outflows. The difference between the present value of cash inflows and out flows are known as the net present value. The discount rate for obtaining the present value is some desired rate of return which may be equal to the cost of capital of a company. In addition to this, it is necessary to consider about the concepts like book value, market value, present value, price earning ratio etc. for analyzing the financial viability of Tesco plc. There is a great difference between both concepts like book value as well as market value in case of accounting point of view. The weights to be used can be either book value weights or market value weights. Book value weights are easier to calculate and can be applied consistently. Market value weights are supposed to be superior to book value weights as component costs are opportunity costs and market values reflect economic values. However these weights fluctuate frequently and fluctuations are wide in nature. Both the concept of book value and market value is differ, because book value of the firm or book value weights remains constant, but the market value weights are goes on fluctuating. While computing WACC,

Effect of Enzyme Catalase on Hydrogen Peroxide

Effect of Enzyme Catalase on Hydrogen Peroxide Introduction In this experiment, I am going to determine the effect of different concentration of enzyme catalase on the rate of reaction of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Normally, hydrogen peroxide is produced naturally in human or plant cell. Hydrogen peroxide is the by-product of respiration. As an oxidizer, it will decompose to form oxygen and water. The chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2. The reaction is speeded up by the presence of enzyme, namely catalase which is used in this experiment. This mechanism is important in living organisms cells and body system particularly in human. This is because the corrosive characteristic of hydrogen peroxide may damage the wall of liver where it is largely produced during cellular respiration process. When it is present in high concentration, it is an aggressive and powerful oxidizer, whereby it is unstable and also hazardous as it will corrode many substances including human skin. Therefore, concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the cell should be constantly regulated. When hydrogen peroxide is used for the purpose of experiment, this highly corrosive material should be kept in a container made up of non-reactive material such as glass. However, at low concentration, hydrogen peroxide can be used as disinfectant and antiseptic for medicinal uses. In this context, catalase, a teramer of four polypeptide chains is made up of over 500 amino acids long. It is also categorised as globular protein in which the polypeptide chain is highly folded into a compact spherical shape. There is also active site available to bind to the hydrogen peroxide substrate to form enzyme-substrate complex. It is further adapted with four porphyrin heme groups to react with hydrogen peroxide. Besides, the enzyme catalase is known to be one of the enzymes that possess a high turnover number. Its turnover number can be up to 600 000 whereby one molecule of enzyme catalase can catalyse the decomposition of 600 000 molecules of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water at body temperature. This reaction is known as catabolic reaction as the hydrogen peroxide molecule is broken down into oxygen and water which are comparatively smaller. Sometimes, catalase also uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidise toxins including Phenols, Formic Acid, Formaldehyde and Alcohols. I n this experiment, potato is chosen to be tested due to the presence of catalase in it. However, other organisms such as fungi or yeast can be used as well as they are producers of enzyme catalase. Enzyme is used to speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Activation energy or free energy of activation, is the initial investment of energy for starting a reaction the energy required to contort the reactant molecules so the bond can break for a reaction to occur. Enzyme functions as biological catalyst in many chemical reactions that occur inside our body. For example, saliva secretes enzyme amylase which catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the mouth. Not only does enzyme play an important role in maintaining efficient function of body system, it is largely used in industrial field as well to speed up the production rate. For example, protease is commonly used in biological detergent for domestic washing and rennin is used in manufacture of cheese. For an enzyme to carry out its function effectively, active site should present on the surface of the polypeptide chain. An active site is a groove or pocket formed by the folding pattern of the protein. This active site has particular chemical composition and electrical charges on the amino acids, which make up the specificity of the enzyme, in which it allows only certain substances to bind to it. When the substrates bind to the active site, here the working mechanism of enzyme starts. The binding of the substrate to the active site bring the substrates closer and thus aids in bond formation in anabolic reaction. In catabolic reaction, the active site may distort the shape of substrate to break its bond. When the products are formed, the substances no longer fit into the specific shape of the enzyme and will leave the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme is free to bind to another substrate and catalyse another reaction. The enzyme is not altered at the end of reaction. As enzyme contains specific shape and charge on its active site, its activity is easily affected by the changes in the surrounding conditions. Generally, different pH, temperature, concentration of substrate or concentration of enzyme has a large impact on its efficiency in carrying out its function. Whenever the changes in surrounding such as change in pH or temperature alter the bonding between the R group of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain which form the active site, the shape of active site will change and thus the substrate will no longer bind to the site. At this point, the enzyme is said to be denatured. On the other side, when the temperature or pH is optimum for the reaction, the rate of reaction is the highest. Although the optimum pH and temperature may vary from one another, optimum temperature for most enzymes functioning in human body system is often 37 Â °C. However, the presence of inhibitors or cofactors may alter the enzyme activity as well. In this experi ment, the effect of enzyme concentration is chosen to be investigated on the rate of reaction catalysed by enzyme catalase. An increase in enzyme concentration will increase the active site available and thus increase the rate of reaction until it reaches maximum velocity when all active sites of the enzyme molecules are engaged. Problem Statement: Do different concentrations of enzyme affect the rate of reaction? Objectives: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of catalase on the rate of reaction to catalyse the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide To determine the presence of catalase on the rate of reaction of hydrogen peroxide. To develop effective experimental skills throughout the experiment Aim: To determine the effect of different concentrations of enzyme on the enzyme activity Hypothesis: The higher the concentration of enzyme, the higher the rate of reaction until a maximum velocity is reached. Techniques: Use a water displacement technique to determine the volume of oxygen gas evolved Calculate the rate of reaction by using the gradient of the graph Materials: Freshly mashed or blended potato, 3.0 % hydrogen peroxide solution, buffer solution (pH 6.5), distilled water Apparatus: Boiling tubes, graduated tubes, 500 ml beaker, weighing balance, spatula, delivery tube, stop watch, measuring cylinder, dropper, rubber bung, weighing dish Variables: Variable How the variable is determined 1. Manipulated Concentration of catalase By using different mass of blended potato at 1g, 2g, 3g and 4g. Different masses of blended potato indicate the difference in concentration of catalase in its content. 2. Responding The volume of oxygen gas released By recording down the reading on the graduated tubes at 30 seconds interval. 3. Constant pH Volume and Concentration of hydrogen peroxide By using buffer solutions at pH 6.8 throughout the experiments By using the same volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which is 2.5cm3of 3.0 % hydrogen peroxide throughout the experiment Procedure: 1 g of the freshly prepared or blended potato is transferred into a boiling tube. 5 cm3 of buffer solution is added into the tube and it is swirled to mix the substrate. A graduated tube is filled with water to the brim. It is placed carefully into a beaker of water. One end of the delivery tube is placed into the graduated tube with the other end with rubber bung ready to fix with boiling tube. 2.5 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution is measured and it is added into the boiling tube containing the potato and buffer solution. The tube is immediately closed with a rubber bung connected to the delivery tube. A stopwatch is started by one member of the pairs in conducting this experiment. The volume of gas released is measured for every 30 seconds for 5 minutes or until the gas evolution stops. The experiment is repeated using 2g, 3g and 4g of freshly blended potato. The results obtained are recorded in a table. Graphs for volume of gas released against time is plotted for each concentration or amount of enzyme used. The initial rate of reaction for each concentrations of enzyme used are worked out. Discussion: Based on the above experiment, the effect of different concentrations of enzyme on the rate of reaction is successfully determined. Five graphs are plotted based on the results obtained in the experiment to show the data in a clearer way and provides a better mean for analysing. The results show that the rate of reaction is increased by an increase in enzyme concentration. In this experiment, potato is used as source of catalyse. The first four graphs showing oxygen gas evolved against time are drawn based on respective mass of blended potato used. The initial rate of reaction is measured from each graph by obtaining the gradient of the graph. A predicted line is drawn on each graph. Generally, the longer the time taken, the higher the volume of oxygen gas evolved. In the beginning, all graphs show an rapid increase , the speed is the slow down as some of the substrates are converted to products. For the substrate at 1 and 2 g of bended potato used, the maximum volume of oxygen gas e volved has reached within 300 seconds and a plateau is obtained. This is because the reaction has completed for all substrates. Theoretically, the maximum volume of oxygen gas released should takes a shorter time as compared to 1g and 2 g of potato as more active site are offered. However, In the 3 and 4 g of blended potato which react, the maximum volume of oxygen is unable to be obtained within 300 seconds. This is probably due to some errors conducted throughout the experiment, particularly due to the vigorous and rapid reaction and in the process of changing the graduated tube. The errors will be discussed later. The initial rate is taken because the rate of reaction is rapid as the collision between the substrate and enzyme is the highest. The rate of reaction may not be reliable to be compared between data if readings are taken in the middle of the experiment because some reactions have reached the maximum rate. The initial rate of reaction for hydrogen peroxide with 1g, 2g, 3 g and 4g of blended potatoes are 0.0611, 0.2895, 0.6579 and 0.7000 cm3/ s respectively. The initial rate of reactions for all the experiments are then compiled into the fifth graph. This shows a clearer picture on the effect of concentration of substrate on the rate of reaction. Initially, there is an increase in the rate of reaction when the mass of blended potato increases. This is because the increase in the concentration of enzyme offers more active site for the binding of substrate. Then, the slope of increasing line becomes less steep with further increase in concentration of enzyme. This is because the active site has been occupied by the substrates or it is said to be saturated whereby the increase in substrate has no further effect on the rate of reaction. Theoretically, the graph should reach a maximum velocity where the plateau occurs in the graph. However, in this experiment, the plateau is not shown because most probably the concentration of enzyme is not high enough to bind to all the 3.0 % of hydrogen peroxide substrate. However, throughout the experiment some errors might occur in which the real values may not be obtained. Firstly, there is a high tendency for the reading obtained from water displacement method to be inaccurate especially when the volume of oxygen gas evolved are too much that the first graduated tube is fully filled with oxygen gas and when the delivery tube has to be transferred to the next prior-prepared graduated tube. The delivery tube transferring process may consume some time particularly if a rubber delivery tube is used instead of a glass delivery tube. This will cause some of the oxygen gas to escape into the water during the process. Next, parallax error may occur as well when the reading is taken from the graduated tube on the volume of oxygen gas evolved. This is because oxygen gas is a colourless gas, in which its level is not so clearly seen on the calibration of the graduated tube. To minimise the errors, the experiment is repeated twice and the mean reading is obtai ned. To further increase the accuracy of the results, a piece of white paper can be placed behind the graduated tube to make the reading easier. Next, the possible error is greater if the experiment is carried out individually. This is due to the human limited ability to record the reading and at the same time watch over the time. Inaccuracy may arise. In this case, a pair work is preferred in this experiment as one of the members times and the other one record the readings obtained. Next, when the mashed potato is poured into the boiling tube from the weighing dish, some potato may be left in the weighing dish. To minimise this error, a few drops of distilled water can be used to rinse the weighing dish to ensure there is no residue left. Consequently, there are a few precautions that ought to be taken to increase the accuracy of the results obtained. For each experiment, the potato used must be freshly mashed or blended. If the potato is prepared in a container, the lid of the container should be kept closed after the desired mass of blended potato is scooped out for each and every experiment. The preparation of blended potato in a beaker which is exposed to the air should be prevented because oxidation will occur and this may affect the activity of enzyme catalase in it. Changes in surrounding such as temperature may also induce changes in the enzyme. A blended potato is used instead of discs of potato so that it will react easier. Its viscosity should be reduced so that it is easier to use. Next, hydrogen peroxide has to be stored in an opaque container as it breaks down quickly when exposed to light. The lid of the container that contains hydrogen peroxide solution should be kept closed after each desired sample i s taken out using a dropper as the oxygen in the surrounding air may oxidise its content and causes the results to be inaccurate. A buffer solution is used to ensure the pH is kept constant throughout the experiment. The buffer solution of citric acid sodium phosphate solution which has a pH of 6.8 is used because this is the optimum pH for the enzyme catalase. Furthermore, a water bath is preferable as the surrounding temperature may change throughout the experiment. In addition, as the rubber bung of the delivery tube should be of the same size as the boiling tube to ensure all the opening of the boiling tube containing enzyme and substrate is fit tightly, it should be pushed and twisted with care. It should also be checked from time to time to ensure there is no leakage of product in gaseous form to the surrounding. Besides, the other open end of delivery tube should be placed in water all the time for the bubble of gas to form and rise to its surface. The presence of air bubbles ensure that the rubber bung is still in contact with the boiling tube unless the substrate and enzyme has completely reacted. To fix the graduated tube in place, a retort stand and clamp can be used. Besides, the boiling tube containing reactants and enzyme ought to be swirled throughout the experiment to ensure the substrate and enzyme react. This may increase the rate of collision between the reactants and enzymes and thus fasten the time taken for the reaction to complete. Throughout the experiment, some safety measures should be abided by. As the substrate used in this experiment which is hydrogen peroxide is highly corrosive, rubber glove should be used to protect the skin. After the hydrogen peroxide is used, it should be disposed off and not to be returned to stock bottles as any contaminants may result in decomposition and explosion may occur. The blended potatoes have to be handled carefully as well as it will irritate some peoples skin. A lab coat should be put on. The glass wares and the delivery tube used should be handled carefully as they are fragile. Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. The presence of enzyme increases the rate of reaction of hydrogen peroxide. When the concentration of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases until a maximum velocity is reached. Limitations: The species of potato Different species of potato may contain various concentration sof catalase The age of potato An older potato may have lower concentration of catalase The freshness of potato The concentration of catalase may vary in different potatoes which are stored in different ways before experiment. Storage at high temperature may cause the enzyme to denature Part of potato used Different parts on the potato may have different amount of catalase. Further Work: The effect of temperature on the enzyme activity The effect of different concentrations of substrate on the enzyme activity The effect of pH on the enzyme activity The effect of concentrations of enzyme on activity of other type of enzyme such as amylase on starch The effect on the rate of reaction of hydrogen peroxide by using different concentration of fungi as the source of catalase

Speech In Favor Capital Punishment -- essays research papers

Speech In Favour Of Capital Punishment Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death and has been used in Britain since the 5the century. It was not until 1964 that capital punishment was abolished and this has been described by many historians as Britain's worst decision in over 500 years. Along with these Historians, I also believe that our country was much better off with the death penalty as a punishment for sick and twisted people, murderers, rapists and peadophiles. Did you know for instance that in 2003 there were 1048 murders and 172 attributed to one man. . . Harold Shipman. Compare this to 1963 when the death penalty was used as an active deterant to murder, how many? 300. Three hundred murders compared to 1048. Another statistic for you to chew on. In 1961 there were 9 hangings for murder. These seemed to warn people off because the next year there were 2. I have said all I need to say. That is clearly conclusive evidence that the Death Penalty works in deterring criminals, and in a world where you deserve safety, with capital punishment, that is what you would get. Let me go back to my last point. Harold Shipman, responsible for the murders of 172 people. 172 innocent people. People with families. Families that are destroyed. Left with agony. Knowing that their relatives killer is still living and well. Treated in prison to a comfy bed, three meals a day, a wide-screen television and pool table as well as being able to learn read and write. This is what our judicial system calls a â€Å"punishment† All this at the cost to the tax payer of  £432, 000 per 15 years or a life sentence. That's  £600 a week. That s more that some people earn! If Harold Shipman had not been the coward that he was and k... ...cent man, it has happened before and would happen again. In fact, it was a member of my family who had the unpleasant job of hanging an innocent man and finding out what he had done after. So spare a thought not just for the innocent deceased, but the guilty hangman who has to live with it as well. I also understand that there are cases where the penalty is given because we cant be seen to be slacking, like that of Derek Bentley and the film of Let Him Have It. Once again it was my family who had to live with that. So, spare a thought for what that man has to live with for the rest of his life. As I said, these thing are inevitably going to happen and many people will suffer. But even after seeing what it can cause with my own eyes to my own family, i still think it Is a risk worth taking for the better of our country. That is why I am in favour of capital Punishment.

Online Communities :: Music Shoegaze Internet Essays

Online Communities When searching for online communities I decided to research a subject I already had a little knowledge about. My friend had told me about an online forum he was subscribed to named Blisscent. Blisscent is a group of over 1500 people who are interested in the musical style of shoegaze rock. For those who do not know what shoegaze sounds like it can be described as a spacey textured form of hard rock; shoegaze began in Britain during the early 1980’s. Shoegaze is a semi-sleepy music. The guitar riffs are often overlaid many times during the recording process, which makes one feel like he is surrounded with a wall of thick sound. The chords are not hard and cut up, they are slow deep chords. The synthesizers often add a background noise and the drumbeats meld with the synthesizers that in turn meld with the guitars. The vocals are usually slowly exhaled and pulsate with the direction of the music. Every aspect of the music combines together to create a hybrid sound that seems to be originating from one source. It could be described as the seconds before getting taken under by a title wave, only in slow motion but with the regular sounds of the waves crashing into you. I know a little bit about shoegaze, it’s not my favorite genre of music, but I thought I would be able to understand the basic ideas of the community. I found that I was wrong; I had never heard of most of the bands being discussed. I could recognize a few and had heard some before but the members of this forum new everything about these bands. The community seemed to know each other very well; members were inviting other members to concerts their band was playing at. Some members sent postings making fun of other bands that they knew. Members congratulated each other with a posting after seeing the others band.

‘Of mice and men’ †A comparison of the opening scenes of the film and the beginning of the book Essay

A comparison of the opening scenes of the film and the beginning of the book ‘Of mice and men’ is set in southern California at the time of the great depression (late 1920 and early 30’s), the basis of the story is about 2 men George and Lenny, who are two workers who travel from place to place finding work on ranches, so they can earn there 50 bucks a month. George is the leader out of the two he looks after Lenny, sorts out where they go and what they do and eat. Lenny is a very big and strong man, but he is very dumb and could not look after himself, he his at heart a nice, harmless man but likes colourful, nice feeling things, so he is just like a small child. Lenny gets them into trouble a lot, he likes to touch nice things and when he does people get the wrong idea and like at the start of the book and film gets accused of rape, and at the end causes a death of a woman. Like most writers or directors, John Steinbeck and Gary Sinise try to grab the readers or viewer’s attention. Even though the novel and film are based on the same story, they use different techniques and ways to try and get the audiences attention. In the novel John Steinbeck uses a lot of description of his settings and this is how he tries to keep the audience’s imagination going. For example in the first two pages of the novel, he uses a strong descriptive and a strong style of language to try and give an effect of a natural, calm and peaceful atmosphere, also when describing the willow pool he tries and puts as much detail in as possible, as this area of land is one of the most important places in the story as this is where Steinbeck starts the story and ends it in a similar place. It’s quite amazing how Steinbeck manages to turn a violent and threatening scene into a calm, relaxing place and an almost peaceful time. I think that the first set of settings is set in a spring/summer theme as they are talking about there dream which is seen as the American dream of this time, so this also relates to life in the late boom and depression of the 1920’s. The beginning is used to try and introduce the two main characters portraying Lenny as the leader and it seems that he is like a father to Lenny who is portrayed as a small child who cannot control what he is doing. George also knows he has to take the role as the father or older brother and has to keep rules and tells him what to do, e.g. when they are drinking from the lake Lenny keeps his head in the water and is just guzzling the water down, then George says; â€Å"For god sake don’t drink so much†, and also he checks if the water is safe by making sure that its is running although George is of little intelligence him self he knows how to stay alive and live well. Gary Sinise tries to grab the audience’s attention quite differently at the beginning of the film as he uses a dramatic sequence of George and Lenny sitting in the luggage holder of a train, and you see him thinking back to what happened at Weed. When this is happening the light fades over Georges face from the cracks in the compartments wooden walls, this effect of the light streaming across his face gives an imaginary sense of prison bars. During Georges flashbacks you see them running fast and out of breath down a field full of long grass, and it keeps flashing back on Georges face in the train giving you a sense of distress instead of the calming effect of the novel. It then flashes to a pretty woman in a red dress that has a rip going down the bottom of it, the air flows through her dress and hair as she is running down a field. This scene really is exciting and full of tension to the viewer, which contrasts totally to the calm and peaceful opening of the book. Next you she a bunch of workers in a field, and they hear the girl’s screams. The workers on horse follow carrying shotguns. This contrasts to the life of today against nearly a century ago, as nowadays Lenny would have been arrested and put to a fair trial but back then they would have just killed Lenny on the spot. This scene puts people on the edges of their seats giving a sense of suspense; this is how a good director is able to keep the audiences attention to the film. The scene of the willow pool is quite like the scene in the book it gives a more relaxed effect from the previous suspense scenes, as they hide neck deep under the overflowing bush weed, and luckily the workers lose them. When we see George and Lenny getting there work cards it proves the fact that this is in the 1930’s as there were a lot of job shortages and you had to go to a job office and see if any jobs were available, most people would take any job there was, because of the depression. This then gives us a slight historical background of the time they are in. George in the book is firstly described as â€Å"small and quick, dark of face with restless eyes and sharp, strong features†. George being described as having restless eyes gives an impression that he is quite alert and a quick thinker of what to do in troubled times. Lenny on the other hand is described quite differently: â€Å"Huge man, shapeless face with large, pale eyes, with wide sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws†. â€Å"†¦the way a bear drags his paws† Lenny is being described as an animal which shows that he is a slow and clumsy both physical and mentally. The characters in the film are unlike the ones in the book as they are not physically opposite. Lenny is only slightly taller than George, but the behaviours of these two characters do mirror that it is similar to the book as Lenny acts like a child and George is the smart, dominant one. This is often shown in the close ups of their faces and in their speech and movement. The clothes they wear are described in the book as workers clothes so rugged and tattered, so the movie is also based on this part as the clothes in the movie are like this. In my opinion I think casting John Malkovich was perfect to be Lenny as he was able to portray the child like brain of Lenny. He seemed to fit the right description of Lenny. The voice used by John Malkovich was very effective in giving the viewer a childlike impression of Lenny. Gary Sinise although he was director he himself played George and he obviously knew how he wanted George to be played and he did with an amazing attitude, he gave out the attitude and cunningness of George as is written in the book. In conclusion, the beginning of the book and the beginning of the film are based on the same storyline. The way the scenes are described and presented are really quite different. Gary Sinise is able to create a sense of action and suspense followed by the calm of the willow pool, whilst Steinbeck creates a very rich and calm descriptive opening scene, which contrasts with the violence of what is actually happening.

Introductory Accounting Assignment

ACCT 2060 Introductory Accounting Assignment – Semester 2, 2011 This assignment is designed to get you to locate the Annual Reports for a company and become familiar with the contents of an Annual Report, particularly the financial statements and the notes to the financial statements. While we have looked at very basic formats of the financial statements, the financial statements for a company contain a little more detail and information on some items you may not have been introduced to yet.Pay particular attention to the information provided in the notes to the financial statements as you will find a lot of useful information in them that may help with some of the questions. REQUIRED: You are required to obtain the 2010 Annual Report of Blackmores Limited and then answer the questions that follow in Part A and Part B. PART A – THE COMPANY (8 x 1 = 8 marks) Question 1 Describe the company’s principal operating activities. Ans: Blackmores Limited manufactures & de velops health products. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 2]Question 2 An auditing firm will have received remuneration for their services. What services did the auditing firm provide for this company in 2010? Ans: The auditing firm, DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU, audited the Remuneration Report included in pages 41 to 48 of the directors’ report for the year ended 30  June 2010. Their  responsibility is to express an opinion on the Remuneration Report, based on their audit conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 41 to 48, Page 50 and 51] Question 3Using the 2010 Annual Report, identify the number of the note that deals with Significant Accounting Policies and identify the method of depreciation the company uses to depreciate property, plant and equipment. What is the underlying assumption of this method in relation to the usefulness of property, plant and equipment? Ans: Total numbers of notes dealing with Significant Accounting Policies are 22. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 58 – 64]. The method of depreciation the company adopt onto depreciation of property, plant and equipment is the straight-line method.The underlying assumption is that the residual value is estimated based on the cost of asset over the expected useful life. Freehold land is not depreciated. The following estimated useful lives are used in the calculation of depreciation: †¢ Buildings 25–40 years †¢ Leasehold improvements 3–13 years †¢ Plant and equipment 3–20 years [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 59]. Question 4 The annual report contains a number of reports with only some of these being ‘financial reports’. Name all of the financial reports in the 2010 annual report shown for this company in their annual report.Ans: The financial reports in the 2010 annual report are Statement of Financial position as at 30 June 2010, Statem ent of Comprehensive Income for the. Statement of Changes in Equity and Statement of cash flows. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 53-57]. Question 5 Directors of the company will often own shares in the company as well. Identify the name of the chairman of the board of directors and identify the number of shares the chairman held in the company at the end of their 2010 financial year (financial year ends June 30, 2010). Ans:Chairman of the board of directors is Marcus C Blackmore AM [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 36]. The number of fully paid ordinary shares he has is 4,479,278 [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 38]. Question 6 Describe the purpose of the external auditor’s report. Ans: The external auditor’s report is to ensure that the financial reports produced by Blackmores internally are true & fair, complete & accurate. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 51]. Question 7 With reference to the consolidated entity: †¢ What is the total amount of revenue and other income in 2010? What are the two revenue items? †¢ What is the ‘other income’ comprised of? (You must refer to the relevant note to find the answer to this. ) Ans: The total amount of revenue and other income in 2010 is $217,093,000 The two revenue items are Sales and Royalties. The ‘other income’ comprises of bank deposits / Net foreign exchange gains. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 53 and 67]. Question 8 Again with reference to the consolidated entity: †¢ What is the amount of cash receipts from customers in 2010? †¢ Why does this amount differ from the 2010 sales figure? Ans:The amount of cash receipts from customers is 2010 is $237,522,000 The amount differ from the 2010 sales figures as not all customer pay cash on payment, some may pay on credit which result in account receivable. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 57]. PART B – Analysis of financial informa tion (12 marks) Question 1 (4 marks) Using the consolidated figures for Blackmores Ltd, calculate the following ratios for the years 2009 and 2010. Ratios are to be shown at one decimal place. You must show all your workings. (Where no workings are shown you will receive zero for this section): . Current ratio ii. Acid test ratio iii. Gearing ratio iv. Interest cover ratio Ans: Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities Acid ratio = Current assets (excluding inventory and prepayments) / Current liabilities Gearing ratio = Long-term liabilities / (Share capital + Reserves + Long-term liabilities) Interest cover ratio = Profit before interest and taxation / Interest Expense [Ref: School of Business, MBA 2011, ‘Introductory accounting’, Course Notes from ACCT2060_1160, ‘Lecture 6, Unit 6 – Financial Ratio Analysis’, Page102-107 , RMIT University, Melbourne] |Yr 2009 (Working) |Yr 2009 Ratio |Yr 2010 (Working) |Yr 2010 Ratio | |Current ratio |6 9,544 / 31,903 |2. 2 |82,985 / 34,457 |2. 4 | |Acid Test ratio |(69,544-16,072) / 31,903 |1. 7 |(82,985-22,555) / 34,457 |1. 8 | |Gearing ratio |48,043 / (58,563 + 48,043) |0. 5 |48,102 / (71,790 + 48,102) |0. | |Interest cover ratio |30,335 / 1,372 |22. 1 |36,746 / 2,442 |15. 0 | [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 53 and 55]. Question 2 (2 marks) You have been provided with the following information about another company, Company X, in the same industry as Blackmores Ltd: |COMPANY X | |Ratio |2010 |2009 | |Current ratio |2. |1. 8 | |Acid test ratio |1. 2 |1. 5 | |Gearing ratio |1. 2 |0. 8 | |Interest cover ratio (times) |10. 9 |13. 1 | Using the information above and the calculations in Part B Question 1, you are required to analyse the liquidity and financial gearing (leverage) of Blackmores Ltd and Company X by providing: ) a description of the movement in each of the ratios for Blackmores Ltd; b) a description of the movement in each of the ratios for Company X; c) an explanation of what each of these ratios tell you about Blackmores Ltd; d) an explanation of what each of these ratios tell you about Company X; Ans: A) The current ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the company is experiencing a slight increase in current asset over current liability. The acid ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the company has slight increase in current asset over the current liability excluding inventories.The gearing ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the company has marginal increase in long term liability over equity. The interest cover ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the company has increase in interest expense. B) The current ratio for Company X indicates that the company is experiencing a slight increase in current asset over current liability. The acid ratio for Company X indicates that the company has slight decline in current asset over the current liability excluding its inventories.The gearing ratio for Company X indicates that th e company has marginal increase in long term liability over equity. The interest cover ratio for Company X indicates that the company has increase in interest expense. C) In Blackmores Ltd current ratio, we see a 20cents increase in liquidity to repay for every 1 dollar of obligation in the next operating cycle. By zooming further into acid ratio test, it becomes clearer that the company has only a 10cents increase in liquidity to repay for every 1 dollar of obligation within 90days as it excludes inventories and prepayment.In gearing ratio, we can conclude that Blackmores Ltd has lowered their long term by 10cents per 1 dollar obligation. As for interest ratio, it reflects that Blackmores Ltd has to pay more interest on outstanding debt. D) In Company X current ratio, we see an increase in 30cents in liquidity to repay for every 1 dollar of obligation in the next operating cycle. Looking further into the acid ratio test, it becomes clearer that the company actually have a 30cents d ecline in liquidity to repay for every 1 dollar of obligation within 90days and we also can assume that the company has a lot of inventories or prepayments.In gearing ratio, we can assume that Company X has increased their long term liabilities in certain aspect. In interest cover ratio of Company X, it also reflects that Company X has to pay more interest on outstanding debt. Question 3 (2 marks) Assume you are considering becoming a creditor for Blackmores Ltd or Company X (from Part B Question 2 above). That is, you will only be providing credit to one of them. Explain which company you would prefer to provide goods to on credit and why you have chosen this company. You may consider both financial and non-financial information in making this decision.Ans: I would provide goods on credit to Blackmores Ltd because Blackmores Ltd has a higher ability to pay off obligations as compare to Company X reference from their current and acid ratio. Also, Blackmores Ltd shows that the compan y is relatively low in term of leverage shown from gearing ratio. Question 4(4 marks) Prepare a table similar to the table below. Complete the table by inserting information from Blackmores’ financial statements (consolidated figures). Calculate each item as a percentage (%) of sales revenue. Financial Item |2010 ($) |% |2009 ($) |% | |Sales |214,934,000 |100. 0 |200,314,000 |100. 0 | |Total expenses |180,347,000 |83. 9 |171,380,000 |85. 6 | |Promotional and other rebates |19,054,000 |8. 9 |18,581,000 |9. | |Raw materials and consumables used |65,748,000 |30. 6 |71,338,000 |35. 6 | |Employee benefits expense |48,179,000 |22. 4 |42,212,000 |21. 1 | |Selling and marketing expenses |19,134,000 |8. 9 |21,078,000 |10. 5 | |Net profit attributable to equity holders of the parent |24,297,000 |11. |20,782,000 |10. 4 | Refer to the table above to explain the performance of Blackmores in 2010 compared to 2009. Ans: Based on the above table, Blackmores Ltd performance in 2010 is has inc rease in sales by 7. 3% compared to 2009. By looking at the table, we can determine that the company has cut down on expenses. Particular area is the buying of raw materials and other consumables and marketing expenses. With these we can assume that marketing is successful. The other reason is because the company’s equity has increased as well.This means more dividends for the shareholder. [Ref: Blackmores AR Report August 2010, Page 53 and 55]. OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION Format and Presentation: The assignment needs to be presented and formatted according to the guidelines shown in this semester’s Course Guide. You need to ensure that the numeric answers you provide are accurate. For example, some figures are shown in thousands while others are not; showing an answer as $102 instead of $102,000 will result in a mark of zero for such a question as there is obviously quite a difference between these two figures.Also ensure that you read each question carefully as some questions will ask for a figure for a particular year and for either the Group (Consolidated) Financial Reports or the Parent Entity (Company). Referencing: As you will be using a company’s Annual Report as the basis for answering many of the questions asked in this assignment, you need to ensure that you acknowledge this in your assignment. In fact, any sources that you use need to be acknowledged in order to avoid plagiarism. Information on referencing can be found in the Guidelines for Referencing and Presentation at the RMIT website using the following address: (http://www. mit. edu. au/bus/students). A copy can also be found on the Blackboard under the Course Documents folder. From the Blackboard site there is also an online referencing resource that you might find useful. It can be found by following these links: External Links / Study and Learning Centre / Study Skills/Referencing/Referencing for Business Students. In-Text Referencing and the Reference List: Sources of information must be cited both in the body of the text (in-text referencing) and the end of the assignment (reference list). Failure to do so will result in penalties.Remember that when referencing an Annual Report it is a corporate document that does not have a particular author but it will still require referencing any time you use information from it. Any other documents or books or other references you use will also require referencing. Penalties Regarding Referencing: No in-text referencing – deduct 1. 5 marks Some in-text referencing only – deduct 1 mark No reference list – deduct 1. 5 marks Incomplete reference list – deduct 1 mark Policy on Late Submissions: The policy on late submissions can be found in the current semester’s course guide. ASSIGNMENT TOTAL – 20 Marks